November 2012

November started with some nice events. I had to go to the Court of Appeal in The Hague and testify in a case on image comparison. It is always nice to answer the questions, and verify if the report that has been written is understood in a correct way by all parties.

In the second week we had a very well organized conference at the Carabinieri in Rome of the ENFSI Forensic IT working group meeting, where I was re-elected as chairman. Many new developments in digital evidence, and now also the discussion on error rate in digital evidence is more visible, as is also discussed at the Scientific Working group of Digital Evidence , where we have an excellent liaison with. Furthermore, three proficiency tests where carried out in the field, so that was very good. Also the ISO-standards on digital evidence are developing rapidly.

Also busy with some proposal on big data for the FP7 cyber security call. And I received the message from the American Academy of Forensic Science that the workshop that we proposed (which I am chairing) on (W17) Image Analysis - 3D Imaging and Virtopsies: Developments, Methods, and Reasoning is accepted.

Currently we are sending out a proficiency test on camera identification  So enough work to do. And next week I am chairing the organisation of our conference for the digital investigators of the Dutch Police, where we have 350 people that will participate. Six parallel workshops and many nice developments, the second day is with companies and universities.

Also we have to cope with some budget cuts, so keeping the work more efficient and finding new ways of doing the forensic work is a challenge, and of course applications of funding, working with R&D and new developments remain important. And finally, I had to give an live interview (in Dutch) on Anne Frank and some photograph comparison for the radio in the Netherlands, which was also interesting to do.

October 2012 : some challenges in digital evidence

This week we will have an ENFSI-meeting in Rome of the Forensic IT Working group, were the new developments in forensic IT are discussed as well as solutions.

In Forensic IT currently we have the next seven long term challenges :

1. big data 
2. malware
3. number of students in ICT
4. encryption 
5. different formats 
6. diversity 
7. presenting complicated evidence in court

1. big data 

The issue with big data is that cases are growing rapidly. If all data from a person is collected in a case, the amount grow rapidly, also due to multimedia and fast datalinks. Currently indexing over 100 Petabyte is not easy, also HADOOP has issues with it and new solutions are developed by social networks such as facebook. Indexing video data is also not easy. Filtering is important, and triage is one of the solutions. Cloud computing is an issue here, since often the data is available in other states with different jurisdictions.

2. malware

Issues with malware developers is that it is difficult to investigate. Zero day exploits can be seen more often, and botnets and other attacks of many systems such as SCADA, are an issue. Malware on mobile phones is so common that the FBI placed a warning. Lawyers might use it as defense. Even medical devices can be infected by malware. Also people claim that governments  develop malware.

3. number of students in ICT

ICT and related studies are not very popular, so it is difficult to fill all vacancies. Software engineers are difficult to hire, and are needed for all developments.

4. encryption

With encryption methods getting more sophisticated and also implemented in hardware such as SSD-disks, live forensics methods are the choice instead of trying to break the keys. However live systems should be shielded from network communication, since it is possible to remotely wipe systems.

5. different formats

Many developers will make new file formats which deviate from the file format, and use coding which is not public. Analysing and repairing them is important. The golden age as Simon Garfinkel mentioned  is over, and we will enter a digital forensic crisis.

6. diversity 

There are many hardware  manufacturers as well as software developments. It is hard to keep up with developments and have methods available for doing a forensic analysis. Mobile device forensics with chip extraction is an option, however remains time consuming and expensive.

7. presenting complicated evidence in court

Often digital evidence especially in hacking cases is difficult to interpret for juries and judges. The challenge for the forensic examiner is to present the evidence in court such that it is acceptable. Many times new methods have to be developed and validated for the court, and also privacy laws have to be taken care of.

Guest post by Ken Myers

7 Ways Social Media is Used by Forensic Investigation

As the saying goes, "What is posted on the Internet, stays on the Internet". Investigations are including
social media sites during forensic investigations to strengthen or confirm information gathered about any
given case. Sometimes, the criminal themselves will post incriminating information without thinking
about how it could affect them. How is this information gathered?

1. Profile Activity - Many people like to update his or her Facebook or other community site's profile.
However, posting pictures and commenting on robbing a gas station probably isn't the best method of
gaining fame.

2. Video Can Hurt - Sites such as YouTube and Flikr are entertaining sites created by those who use
them. Recording your criminal behavior and then posting it for everyone to see will secure your room at
the Jail House Hotel.

3. Chirping Your Crime - Tweeting about how you got away with an illegal activity isn't proving to
anyone how smart you are. On the contrary, posting the information is essentially telling everyone who
did what and how to find you.

4. No Comment - Posting on forums about your activity could give you a sense of status. Posting on
forums could solidify a case against you in a court of law.

5. Website Content - Even if you think your website is small and unnoticed, it can be traced back to you.
Detailing your deeds on a website could easily gather the attention of law enforcement.

6. Digital Information - During an Investigation, your computer could become evidence and all accounts
could be analyzed. The sites you once thought of as hang-outs, could be used against you to make legal
hang-ups.

7. Reputation - If you think something may be too incriminating to post on the Internet, don't post it. Not
everyone needs to know every secret, and information has a way of telling more than you want it to.

If you don't want someone to know something about yourself, don't post it on the Internet. Even
photographs have a way of staying in the system long after you deleted them from your account. Data is
collected on a regular basis and could come back to haunt you if you're not careful.

Ken Myers is the founder for http://www.longhornleads.com/. He frequently researches and
writes about a variety of topics like education, Technology, Health and many more. He welcomes your
comments.

October 2012

September was as always a busy month, so not much time to write. Many reviews for articles, and rescheduling projects and making new project proposals. It is often not easy to explain technical issues or research projects to people that are not used to them, so the challenge is always to write clearly and receive as much feedback as possible, by directly asking non-technical people to explain what is written, and hear back if it is understood well. This is important in both forensic reports as well as project proposals.

At the start of October I enjoyed a week vacation in Bucharest. It was nice to see the different musea and buildings and some big shopping malls. I even saw some nice paintings of Rembrandt over there. In October I have to make preparations for a two days conference in the Netherlands on Digital Investigation which I am currently organizing together with a good team, so that should work well. Also I am looking forward to the ENFSI Forensic IT working group meeting in Rome later in October, where I am chairman of the working group. I visited in September during two days the ENFSI Digital Imaging Working group in Brussels, which was very well organized by NICC.

Of course, some casework, and currently also some students on different projects from several universities, on several topics, from camera identification, to forensic hand comparison and other body parts, super resolution and some research on iPhone forensics.

August 2012

This month starts busy, lots of cases often are submitted before the vacation starts. I also had several deadlines before August 1st, for example submission of abstracts for the AAFS conference in Washington DC next year.

Several students finished their thesis for their internship, unfortunately it is difficult to get a job in general forensic science now, however it van be easy in the field of forensic ICT, so currently I advise students to study informatics and forensics, since people are needed there at the moment.

I will present at two workshops at the European Academy of Forensic Science in the Hague in August, and one paper. I am looking forward to the conference, it is always nice to meet all colleagues. The ENFSI awards will also be granted at this meeting, where I am honored and thankful to receive the distinguished forensic scientist award. Also I had the honor to meet Queen Beatrix there.

Furthermore the ENFSI Forensic IT working group meeting in Rome in October seems to have many attendees registered. In September I am looking forward to be at the ENFSI Digital Imaging Working group in Brussels, however I will only be there for a part of the meeting. Also I am looking forward to the ICMedia conference in Brasilia where I will be one of the invited speakers in September.

Guest post by Nancy Parker

Gather Evidence to Prosecute Cyber-Criminals with Tech Forensics

Digital or tech forensics provide the digital evidence required to apprehend a hacker engaged
in criminal activity in the digital world. Without digital evidence, prosecution is not possible
and justice is unlikely. Tech forensics increases the possibility that justice will be served if the
hacker’s steps can be traced.

Corporations can take precautions. Proactive measures can be taken with the use of digital
forensics to prevent future breaches. Corporations can examine vulnerabilities and implement
safeguards to increase security in those areas.

For instance, wireless-based technology and infrastructure has grown in popularity in the last
10 years, but it is not without its vulnerabilities. Security threats are common with wireless
infrastructure. Wireless technology provides corporations with flexibility and convenience, but
it also opens the door for corruption, criminal activity and intentional misuse. Tech forensics can
help companies identify areas of weakness and close those doors for potential breaches while
maintaining convenience for the company.

The Future of Tech Forensics and Wireless Networks

More research in the field of tech forensics and wireless networks is required to prevent breaches
and gather adequate evidentiary support when breaches do occur. Currently, most companies
make use of wireless local area networks (WLANs). In an effort to reduce potential breaches,
researchers proposed a new wireless model in 2010 that incorporates a wireless drone with a
forensic server.

The wireless forensic model (WFM) monitors wireless network traffic at multiple access points
(APs). Wireless drones are employed to accomplish this goal. During monitoring, the drones
collect information about the network traffic and forward it to a centralized forensic server. The
server will store all acquired data for evaluation and future use. These systems were tested to
determine the efficacy and viability of the new model.

When evaluated on its ability to gather evidentiary information and store trails of digital
evidence relating to an attack, WFM proved its ability. The new model is capable of capturing
data generated even at the maximum speeds of a WLAN configuration. In most instances, data
integrity was maintained and details of the attacks were provided. When evaluated, researchers
found that the WFM model was capable of providing information about any attack that occurred.
This development marked the beginning of a new and more secure wireless network for
companies.

Prosecuting Cyber-Criminals

Without evidentiary support, cyber-criminals cannot be prosecuted and stopped. When
technology is put into place to gather evidence, the next phase of capturing cyber-criminals can
occur. DNA testing and analysis is another aspect of tech forensics that helps corporations gather
evidence to incarcerate guilty cyber-criminals. This technology is older and has been employed
since the 1980s. Newer technologies are expected to have a greater degree of precision.

Prior to implementing a strategy to catch cyber-criminals, every company should review the
basic principles of computer hacking forensic investigation. This ensures that companies
are gathering evidence in a “forensically sound manner.” When the information is captured
according to the principles, it can be used in a court of law to prosecute cyber-criminals. If
the evidence gathering procedures do not comply with the regulations for forensic evidence
gathering, the evidence may not be used in a court of law. Legal evidence is instrumental in
capturing cyber-criminals and gaining justice for victims.

How is Your Companies Tech Forensics Strategy?

More hacking incidents have occurred in the past two years than has historically occurred. Your
company’s tech forensics strategy is essential to survival. Talk with a professional that can
provide information about tech forensics solutions available to prevent breaches and capture
cyber-criminals.

Author Bio

Nancy Parker was a professional nanny and she loves to write about wide range of subjects like
health, Parenting, Child Care, Babysitting, nanny background check tips etc. You can reach her
@ nancy.parker015@ gmail.com

July 2012

Just updating my weblog in Istanbul at the airport since I just attended the International Association of Legal Medicine IALM 2012, where I presented a paper on face comparison as well as other body parts for forensic investigations and a poster on camera identification. It was a nice conference closed to the water in the Halic conference center, and good to see some good papers on CT and MRI imaging techniques for pathology. Where the main message is that these techniques are additional to the regular atopsy, since some causes of death can be determined by CT scans and angiography and others can only be determined by an atopsy. Also the AAFS had a special session within the conference which discussed the further implementation of the outcomes of the NAS-report.

Lately I received several messages of social network sites and even my phone provider that the database of password was hacked by cybercriminals. So it seems that either they did not detect it before, or they did not inform me, or perhaps indeed more sites are hacked. Having different passwords on different sites can help, however of course the best would be to have a 2-way protection as such, which some sites as gmail have implemented. 

Now it is also the time to submit abstracts for the American Academy of Forensic Science, since they should be in before August 1st. Also the Forensic IT Working group meeting in Rome, in October is also coming nearby.

the conference center of IALM